Horses first appeared in Argentina in the Pleistocene era as feral herds and then eventually disappeared. They appeared again in the fifteenth century when they were brought by the Spanish conquests. Since this time horses have played a huge role in the people and culture of this region. Many indigenous tribes adapted the horse into their way of life, which helped them in defense against the Spanish, as well as for transport and for expanding their territory.

Horses were also an essential part of the cow-herding ranches of the gauchos, a culture that is still thriving today. The gauchos originated in the 16th century in the pampas and became one of the most famous groups of people in Argentina. The first gauchos were responsible for taming the wild horses that had escaped from the Spanish settlements. Gauchos are often compared to the American cowboy, both being shrouded in myths and legends.

The most common breed of horse used by the gauchos is the Argentine Criollo. This breed originated from the selective breeding of the feral horses of the pampas. The Criollo is known for its endurance, stamina, and sure-footedness, and is the national horse of Argentina. The Criollo is mainly a cow-herding horse, but is also used in rodeo events and trail riding.

With its vast expanse of the pampas, the Andes Mountains, and the long stretches of coastline, Argentina is an excellent place for trail riding and also for experiencing the traditional gaucho culture and their life on a real estancia (ranch). Many tours offer trips to estancias and excursions to the countryside, giving you an opportunity to travel back in time and experience authentic ranch life, Argentinean style.

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